Time line for British Crystallography

• 1665 R.Hooke crystal form and close packing of spheres; microscopic observation of crystals
• 1670 R.Boyle cleavage parallel to lamellar structure of crystals
• 1670 I.Newton corpuscular theory of light
• 1801 J.Dalton atomic theory
• 1809 W.H.Wollaston reflecting goniometer
• 1815 D.Brewster biaxial crystals
• 1820 D.Brewster theory of absoption of light by crystals
• 1837 G.Green elastic constants
• 1830 D.Brewster quartz compensator
• 1839 W.H.Miller development of stereographic projection and hkl notation
• 1851 G.G.Stokes theory of thermal and electrical conductivity
• 1854 W.Thomson thermo electric currents in crystals
• 1883 W.Barlow close packing theory and models
• 1898 W.Barlow 230 space groups
• 1891 L.Fletcher The optical indicatrix
• 1907 W.Barlow & Pope developed packing structure models of simple compounds
• 1912 W.L.Bragg 1st structure determination
• 1915 joint award of Nobel Prize to W.H, and W.L.Bragg
• 1926 J.D.Bernal development of the reciprocal lattice
• 1924 W.T.Astbury & K.Yardley Improvement of tables of space groups
• 1926 W.Hume-Rothery rules for formation of intermetallic compounds
• 1927 G.P.Thomson discovery of electron diffraction
• 1928 K.Lonsdale structure of benzene ring
• 1929 W.L.Bragg fourier series for crystal structure parameters
• 1930 W.L.Bragg structure classification of silicates
• 1932 W.T.Astbury & A.Street X-ray studies of the structure of hair , wool and related fibres
• 1933 J.M Robertson structure of anthracene
• 1933 J.D.Bernal water & hydroxy ions in structures (with Fowler)
• 1933 W.H.Taylor structure of feldspars
• 1934 J.D.Bernal & D.Crowfoot 1st X-ray photograph of a protein structure
• 1936 H.Lipson & A.Beevers Beevers-Lipson strips for the calculation of 2D fourier co-efficients
• 1936 K.Lonsdale & Krishnan diamagnetic anisotropy of crystals related to their molecular structure
• 1937 G.Cox at al. Determination of three dimensional structure of pentaeyrthitol
• 1942 A.J.C.Wilson Determination of absolute from relative X-ray intensity data
• 1943 Formation of the X-Ray analysis Group of the Institute of Physics
• 1945 D.Crowfoot et al. penicillin structure
• 1948 A.D.Booth A new Fourier refinement technique
• 1949 G.N.Ramachandran and W.A.Wooster determination of elastic constants by diffuse reflection of X-rays
• 1949 D W J Cruickshank The accuracy of atomic coordinates derived by least squares or Fourier methods established (and in 1956 of anisotropic thermal motion parameters).
• 1949 D.C.Hodgkin X-ray studies of the structure of penicillin
• 1950 J.D.Bernal iso homo and heterodesmic structures
• 1950 N.F.M.Henry and K.Lonsdale Int tables Vol.1 Symmetry groups
• 1951 F.C.Frank theory of stacking faults
• 1951 M.W.Porter & R.C.Spiller editors published The Barker Index of crystals
• 1952 H.Megaw structural origin of ferro electricity
• 1952 W.Cochran, F.Crick and V.Vand The structure of synthetic polypeptides - the transform of atoms on a helix
• 1953 F.Crick, J.D.Watson, M.Wilkins, R. Franklin structure of DNA
• 1953 J.M.Robertson packing of hydrocarbons in layers
• 1953 J.Cowley structure and analysis of single crystals by electron diffraction
• 1954 M.Perutz structure of haemoglobin
• 1954 M.M.Woolfson Statistical Theory of sign relationships
• 1955 G.Bacon & Pease neutron diffraction study of ferro electric transitions
• 1955 D.C.Hodgkin et al. the structure of vitamin B12
• 1957 J.D.Dunitz and L.E.Orgel development of crystal field theory
• 1957 A.Lang Development of X-ray topography
• 1959 J.D.Bernal mechanism of topotactic transformations (with Dasgupta and Mackay)
• 1960 J.C.Kendrew myoglobin structure
• 1966 K.Lonsdale structure twinning
• 1966 D.C.Phillips structure of lysozyme
• 1970 O.Kennard Crystallographic Data Base for organic and organometallic crystal structures
• 1981 First beam at the Synchrotron Radiation Source at the Daresbury Laboratory in Cheshire
• 1982 A.Klug Nobel prize for the development of crystallographic electron microscopy and application to measurement of biologically important structures.
• 1982 formation of British Crystallographic Association
• 1985 Inauguration of ISIS, the pulsed neutron spallation source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, in Oxfordshire
• 1987 1st Course in X-Ray Structural Analysis held in Aston organised by the Chemical Crystallography Group of the BCA
• 1990 1st protein crystallography course held in Oxford organised by the Biological Structures Group of the BCA
• 1991 Edinburgh-Paris High pressure cell took first data
• 1997 Informal opening of the X-Ray magnetic scattering beamline (XMaS) ( a UK Collaborative Research Group )at the ESRF, Grenoble

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